For example, one will often be more successful in recalling a stimulus while chewing bubble gum if one were also chewing gum when one originally encoded the new stimulus. Several theories suggest that the ability to recall information is heightened when physical and mental conditions match those experienced when the information was first encoded. This type of encoding helps learning, as it constructs a rich set of integrated memories. It is generally accepted that the more unusual and meaningful these elaborately encoded memories are, the more successful one will be in trying to retrieve them this process is referred to as elaborative encoding. The efficiency and success of encoding (and subsequent retrieval) is largely dependent upon the type of associations you choose to make. New information and stimuli tend to be better remembered when they can be associated with old memories and experiences. The more distinguishable the relationship the easier it will be to retrieve. Coming all together we have a story of Arnold Schwarzenegger slicing potatoes. In the example of a grocery list, one could assign eggs to Arnold Schwarzenegger, assign apples to “slicing,” and potatoes could be assigned to potatoes. As you assign these things you create a “story line” that makes it easier to remember. These were their findings: “In all repetition conditions, mnemonic subjects significantly and substantially outperformed students who were given free study.” PAO (Person, Action, Object) įor each item desired to memorize you assign a person, action or object. For one group they just had free study these minerals, for another group they studied using the Peg-word Method. As with the MOL instead of placing grocery items in a room, imagine that room has “pegs” on which are the items desired to be remembered.Ī 1986 experiment tested 73 fifth graders on minerals. The main difference is that instead of a series of places to be used as storage "locations," one memorizes a set of pegs or hooks on which one can then "hang" the information to be memorized. The Peg-Word Method is based on principles like those embodied in the method of loci.
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